Category: Health and Fitness

Cell death is a fundamental biological process, which has been extensively explored in the past several decades. Active cell death (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis ferroptosis, alkaliptosis and oxeiptosis) are tightly regulated by signaling pathways. Since cell death is closely linked to diseases, the in-depth characterization of cell death events may uncover novel therapeutic targets. As a trusted CRO, CD BioSciences provides a…

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AMPK (Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase), as an important kinase regulating energy homeostasis, is one of the central regulators of eukaryotic cell and organism metabolism. It is responsible for regulating cellular capacity input and output and maintaining the smooth functioning of cellular physiological activities. AMPK is also a key protein involved in various signaling pathways.  …

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What is Phosphatidylglycerol? Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a type of phospholipid, a class of molecules that are crucial components of biological membranes. These membranes are found in cells and organelles, and they serve as barriers that separate the interior of these structures from the external environment.   What are The Sources of Phosphatidylglycerol? Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is…

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Introduction of Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS) Drug target protein identification is an important step in the research and development of new drugs. Drug Affinity Response Target Stability (DARTS) is a technique that can rapidly and directly identify potential target proteins of small molecule drugs. That is, it prevents the target protein from being hydrolyzed by…

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What is CAR T-cell therapy? Car-t cell therapy involves genetically engineering T cells isolated from patients or allogeneic donors to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) that specifically recognize and kill tumor cells.   As a “living” drug, CAR-T therapy is very different from traditional drugs. It is a new type of precision targeted therapy for…

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Most biological agents enter the body directly without passing through the gastrointestinal tract, so in addition to biological activity, relevant authorities have very strict requirements on impurities in drugs. Among them, the host cells residual DNA has always been the focus of regulatory agencies because of its special potential safety risks.   Although recombinant protein drugs, antibody…

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Fc fusion protein (Fc-Fusion) has a complex and diverse molecular structure, and may contain glycosylation modification sites at amino acid 297 of its Fc fragment and the Fab region of some molecules. Moreover, its biological ligands are structurally diverse, and their glycosylation modifications may also be complex, usually involving multiple N-glycan and O-glycan sites and a large number of…

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Risk analysis is used for the evaluation of potential risk problems that could be encountered in connection with the use of a medical device. Biological hazards, risk characterization, and toxicological risk assessment are required to ensure the safety of a novel medical device and meet the requirements of marketplaces.   Standard for Risk Assessments Risk assessments…

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Irritation represents local tissue inflammation response to chemicals, without a systemic immunological component, and irritation is characterized by inflammation, redness, swelling, heat, or pain. Irritation testing is used to assess the potential of a medical device to cause an immediate irritation reaction in the skin, mucosal, or ocular tissues following a single or repeated exposure…

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